Vinetur reports on research examining the economics of adapting Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards to increasingly severe heat. Researchers from Cornell University and Pennsylvania State University compared continuing with existing vineyards, adding shade technology, switching to more heat-tolerant grape varieties and relocating production. The modelling found no single strategy was optimal under every scenario, existing vineyards performed best with modest warming, shade became economically attractive as heat intensified, while switching grape varieties produced the strongest returns under the most extreme conditions modelled.